BEEN

The facts in the relationship of Sadakichi Hartmann and Walt Whitman have never been clarified, particularly Hartmann's controversial interview with the poet and its publication in the "New York Herald", April 14, 1889. Of more importance was Hartmann's attempt to found a Whitman Society and the opposition of jealous Whitman associates who frustrated his efforts, although a Whitman Society was founded as the result of his initial work. Further, Hartmann's life-long interest in the poet and his various publications are not generally known. The introduction and edition of his writings will elucidate this literary association.

Platen, in the critical imagination, is a classicistic formalist who hid his anguished life behind imitative art. This cliché - which originates in Heine's early caricature - has not been corrected because of a virtual absence of close analyses of the kind undertaken in this study. There is shown to be unsuspected continuity in experiments with lyric forms as different as Lied, ghasel, sonnet, ode, idyll and "Pindaric" hymn ; Platen appears as a decidedly confessional, even histrionic, writer in the wake of Byron, and his subjectivity proves strong and unrepentant enough to be comparable to Heine's own.

In eighteenth century Germany goods were produced in manufactories as well as by independent craftsmen and artisans employed by capitalists. The manufactories using tools and manually operated machines foreshadowed in many respects the factories of the nineteenth century. State and local support for the manufactories was aimed at reducing unemployment, maintaining military strength and securing foreign currency. Although not all manufactories were successful they provided a valuable heritage of industrial and commercial skills which were profitable to later entrepreneurs. However, those who - like Karl Marx - considered the manufactories to be a stage in the process of industrialisation have been proved wrong.

This dictionary is a guide, defining key terms of chemical elements in English, French and Arabic. Everything you need to know about chemical elements in a clear, one sentence definition and is followed by explanation and examples. The dictionary format makes it exceptionally easy to use. This dictionary has been deliberately designed to be for students - everything you need is in the dictionary, making it the ideal exam revision companion. For everyone else - basic ideas and concepts are introduced and simply explained and followed by straightforward explanation and illustrations to widen your understanding of the subject.

On publication in 1835 Willibald Alexis' Zeitroman Das Haus Düsterweg sparked controversy only to be subsequently ignored by specialists on the Vormärz (1815-48). It has been viewed as an anomaly in Alexis' literary production, but in fact lies at the core of the intellectual interests and formal experimentation of Alexis, the prominent Vormärz author, theorist, critic and journalist. Based on techniques derived from Walter Scott, it anticipates the theory and practice of Gutzkow's "Roman des Nebeneinander". Under the aspect of Zerrissenheit it records and analyzes the psychological and political agony of the contemporary scene.

Deixis verges on the borderline of philosophy, semantics and pragmatics. Since no satisfactory theory of deixis has been proposed so far, this book gives a critical examination of the state of the art and suggests a solution within the framework of discourse analysis. The deictic systems of English and Polish are compared in termes of algorithms, which determine the distribution of demonstrative pronouns in the two languages. Many difficulties found in other approaches can be escaped through the application of algorithms accounting for the speaker's choices in his use of demonstratives during the discourse flow.

You are confronted to a face to face situation, where you want something, and your meeting's partner is looking for something completely different. However, negotiating a passionate and exciting exercise. It requires self-control, concentration and focus. Many aspects of your behavior and your personality will influence considerably the final results. You will find in this book a lot of tips and techniques that have been assessed by experts and people with long experience in the field of negotiation, as the most reliable and efficient ones, to help you reach the maximum of your goals.

Since the wave for national rule and independence from the colonial powers during the 1960's Africa's struggle for democratic rule has often been frustrated by an uneasy relationship between civil society and the military. This relationship has brought about grave human right abuses and lack of respect for the democratic values enshrined in constitutional rule. The end result was political instability and a retarded process of political development. This book, therefore, examines constitutional development in selected East Africa countries, the role of the army, the nationality question and constitutional accommodation and political parties, elections and political instability.

Strategically located between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Ocean, criss crossed by major communication axis joining north to South ant east to West, the South of France has always been a melting pot of people and ideas... No wonder then that as soon as the Reformation started, it received and enthusiastic welcome in many of the towns and villages and soon swept most of the Southern half of France. In many of these villages, the descendants of the Cathars and the Vaudois had been living quietly and were among the first to join the new churches. However, challenging the spiritual, and in some cases the secular, power of Rome wasn't without danger ; soon the "heretics" were being persecuted, harassed and burned with their seditious books. As the French Kings (with the notable exception of Henry IV), sided with the Pope, a culture of resistance developed and has remained to this day. This book shows the clear link and shared ideas between the Huguenots who fought Louis XIVth and their descendants who hid Jewish children and fought nazi occupation forces. Richar Maltby, retired Professor of History at King's School in Canterbury and the author of a successful illustrated history of Canterbury takes us through the villages, towns and hideouts of the Huguenots and follows the Renaissance to WWII. His well-researched and well-illustrated book describes how the influence of the Bible and protestant theology permeated a whole civilization with a strong love for freedom and rejection of oppression.

La robe chemise est un grand classique de la mode mais cela ne la rend pas pour autant totalement "has been" . Son côté très féminin, voire sexy, fait de nombreuses adeptes et elle se porte en toutes circonstances, en journée comme en soirée. Qu'elle soit longue ou courte, à manches longues ou sans manches, elle est toujours très chic, indémodable et inter-saison. Tissus fleuris, denim, lin ou coton, vous pourrez décliner ces 10 modèles au gré de vos envies créatives. Chaque patron proposé comporte, pour la plupart, les détails reconnaissables de la robe chemise : le col chemise, la patte de boutonnage, les poches latérales, la ceinture à nouer...

La star déchue d'un show télé culinaire fait la tournée des supermarchés dans les Ardennes. Elle tombe sur une bande d'ouvriers et d'ouvrières au chômage qui occupent leur abattoir laissé à l'abandon. Le patron a disparu. Dans ce futur proche à peine dystopique, les aides sociales n'existent plus, manger de la viande est has been et les pauvres ont la grosse dalle. Une aventure collective hallucinée, un roman noir et jouissif : jusqu'où ira la vengeance sociale ? Jennifer Have a grandi dans les Ardennes. Depuis quinze ans, elle écrit des séries pour la télévision. Casse-dalle est son premier roman.

Polygyny, commonly called polygamy, has been one of the main obstacles to evangelisation in Africa. After Vatican II many theologians began to question the traditional church policy towards polygamists and their wives who, after receiving the faith, asked for baptism. The two main solutions proposed were the baptism and the life catechumenate solutions. The present work studies polygyny in pre-christian Bafut and traces the history of the problem of polygynous converts from 1201. It suggests that the real obstacle to their baptism is polysex, not poly-marriage. In the concluding chapter, a solution is offered to polysex, according to which the polygamist, after baptism, becomes a special kind of monogamist.

An unkind, mean, lonely old man gets a surprise when he reaches the front door of his home on the night before Christmas. As he looks at the door knocker, lit turns into a face - the face of a friend who pas been dead for many years ! This is just the beginning of a long night in which Ebenezer Scrooge talks to pis dead friend, and meets three other ghosts. The first two show him Christmas in the post and the present. The third lets him see what might happen in the future. Find out what Scrooge saw, and whether or not lit made him change his ways.

In 1896 A. Sommerfeld published his famous paper "Zur Theorie der Diffraktion" in vol. 47 of the "Mathematische Annalen". His investigations initiated the study of boundary value problems in scattering theory. A long series of research works on general mixed boundary value problems sprang up then. Boundary integral equations together with the Wiener-Hopf method have been generalized and are now a basis for analytical and numerical studies by many mathematicians and engineers working on wave diffraction problems. Commemorating the centenary of Sommerfeld's paper, the aim of this conference is to join the experts and young researchers to present surveys and new results.

Wolfgang Koeppen's critical and popular reputations stem largely from his literary success in the 1950s, a success which has overshadowed the author's activities in the earlier years of his career. It is in the interest of redressing this imbalance that the present study has been undertaken. It traces a consistent line of development from Koeppen's journalistic activities in the Berlin of the 1930s, through his earliest creative writing, and on, in this light, to the post-war publications for which he is most famous. It is thus possible to place the whole of Koeppen's career within the social and literary context of sixty years of German history.

Southern Sudan is little known to the world - especially in terms of its economic development. This book fills that gap of knowledge to some extent. Due to the persistence of war conditions (since 1955), economic analysis has been done together with the resultant dictates of war and destruction in the area. The sources of data and methodology have of necessity transcended conventional economics embracing political, social, etc. aspects. This multidisciplinarity in approach has enabled the author to provide the foundations for future development of Southern Sudan. The book thus offers a state of the art analysis of the war consequences on society, subsistence and their accompanying economic structures.

Le Grand Hôtel compose avec l'opéra Garnier le décor de l'une des plus belles places de Paris. Depuis son inauguration par l'impératrice Eugénie en 1862, il est au croisement des mondes de l'art, de la mode et de la politique. A la terrasse du Café de la Paix qui le borde se sont attablés Victor Hugo et Emile Zola, Marlène Dietrich et Joséphine Baker, Sonia Rykiel et Vivienne Westwood... Aujourd'hui intégralement rénové par Pierre-Yves Rochon, Le Grand Hôtel est plus que jamais le symbole de l'élégance parisienne et offre à son visiteur une magistrale leçon de style et d'art de vivre à la française. - Inclus un carnet proposant les recettes emblématiques du Café de la Paix. - Avec les contributions de Stéphane Bern, Ines de la Fressange, Francis Huster, Jean Todt... Le Grand Hôtel and the Opéra Garnier compose the setting of one of the most beautiful squares in Paris. Since its inauguration by Empress Eugénie in 1862, the hotel has been at the crossroads of the worlds of art, fashion, and politics. The terrace of the adjoining Café de la Paix has been graced by such famous names as Victor Hugo and Emile Zola, Marlene Dietrich and Josephine Baker, Sonia Rykiel and Vivienne Westwood, to name but a few. Now fully renovated by Pierre-Yves Rochon, Le Grand Hôtel is more than ever the symbol of Parisian elegance, offering visitors a supreme example of the French art of living. - Includes a booklet featuring the Café de la Paix's signature recipes. - With contributions by Stéphane Bern, Ines de la Fressange, Francis Huster, Jean Todt and more.

There has been a heated international debate over Salman Rushdie's book The Satanic Verses ever since its publication in 1988. The present work examines the ways in which this affair has developed. From the beginning, one can find strong rhetorical emphases ; these are shown to argue for maintenance of meaningful boundaries. The thesis of Kuortti's book is that on each side of the debate, people use similar language to argue for the sanctity of their convictions. This is evident especially in the opposition between the arguments for the sacrality of Islam and literature. In the international exchange, how could we then find more respectful ways of acknowledging that we are not that dissimilar from each other ?

Planning in this century has been largely influenced by the appeal of scientific activity on the one hand and by reform movements on the other. As a result of this influence, two roles of planning developed with one predominating : an advisory role which adheres to the scientific canon of deta ched objectivity and which is the prevailing version, and an active role where intervention into the development of society is promoted. This duality creates problems for planning theory and practice, especially since the positivist foundation of planning has proven to be inadequate. An examination of logical positivism indicates that a correct social theory can only be critical. This suggests that planning should use critical theory as new epistemological framework.

This study traces the origin of Jesus' Name Pentecostalism in Mexico to determine its distinctives as a Mexican movement. The movement has historically been called "Jesus Only" or "Oneness". While focusing on the Iglesia Apostólica de la Fe en Cristo Jesús, Iglesia Evangélica Cristiana Espiritual, La Luz del Mundo, and El Buen Pastor are briefly discussed. The Oneness doctrine of the Trinity is examined to determine its adequacy as a trinitarian theological model. The assertion is made that Western Christianity must accept and promote the use of alternative theological models in non-Western contexts in order to assist the Christians of the Third World to develop meaningful contextualized theology for their own cultures.

The new French anticorruption law on transparency, fight against corruption and the modernisation of the economy ("Sapin II") promises to bring significant changes in French domestic law and imposes new obligations on large French and foreign businesses. Sapin II clearly follows an international trend towards tougher and more transparent anticorruption laws and a large part of Sapin II provisions have obviously been influenced by other anticorruption standards such as notably the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and the UK Bribery Act. This publication describes these three regulations allowing the reader to understand the major factors and provisions within these laws that are now governing the fight against corruption in the world of globalisation.

"Contemplation" est un clin d'oeil à la pratique toltèque éponyme. Bien qu'il n'en soit pas explicitement question ici, certaines photographies s'y prêtent à merveille ! Je ne suis pas photographe, j'aime parcourir mes albums photos depuis presque 20 ans et certains clichés me plongent systématiquement dans une humeur différente et le monde change. "Gazing" is a wink to the namesake Toltec practice. Although it is not explicitly discussed here, some of the pictures are perfect for it ! I'm not a photographer, I've been enjoying looking at my photo albums for almost 20 years and some shots always put me in a different mood and the world changes.

The six revised papers collected here - two have been translated into English - address in their different ways questions relating to grammatical meaning (both semantics and pragmatics) and the analysis of constructions. Though they cover a period of about 10 years, they can be said to share a view of linguistic analysis that is holistic rather than modular and descriptive rather than generative. The topics discussed are : the semantics and pragmatics of get-passives ; the semantics of epistemic modality ; the status, function and analysis of participial and gerundial -ing constructions ; four controversies in the analysis of modality and modal auxiliaries ; the functional classification of adverbials and the pragmatics of their position ; the semantics and pragmatics of prepositional phrases with for.

Le chanteur Otis Redding a marqué l'histoire de la soul, en seulement sept ans de carrière. Icône de la musique noire américaine, il a occupé le sommet des charts avec des chansons telles que I've been loving you too long, These arms of mine ou Try a little tenderness. Bien que fauché en pleine gloire, ses titres posthumes comme (Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay l'ont installé durablement dans les mémoires. Toujours repris par de nombreux artistes à travers le monde, sa musique est restée intemporelle... Immortelle. Grâce au Docu-BD qui mêle BD et pages documentaires, découvrez les moments les plus marquants de la vie de "Mr. Pitiful" .

David Hockney is the best known and most widely admired painter in the world. This vibrant catalogue accompanies a major exhibition at the The Fitzwilliam Museum and the Heong Gallery in Cambridge, as well as the Teylers Museum in Haarlem, Netherlands. Throughout his long career, David Hockney has insistently explored diverse ways of depicting the visible world. He has scrutinised the methods of the old masters, and explored radical departures from their cherished assumptions The exhibition and accompanying book are the first to focus on this central theme in his art. "Western art" from the Renaissance until at least the late 19th century has been dominated by the depiction of nature. Was this to be accomplished by direct looking (called "eyeballing" by Hockney) or with the assistance of optical theory and devices, such as cameras ? Hockney has experimented with the full range of existing strategies, overtly using perspective in some of his classic pictures and rigorously investigating optical aids for the imitation of nature, including the camera obscura and camera lucida. Yet he has come to reject the photograph as the definitive image of what we see. Along the way, he has identified a "camera culture'' in European painting from 1400, arguing very controversially that the supreme naturalism of painters like Jan van Eyck are the product of optical devices. His book, Secret Knowledge (2001), with its majestic panorama of paintings over the course of five centuries, claims that art historians have missed the central aspect of painters' practice. The "Hockney thesis" has been received more favourably outside the professional world of art history than in it. His own artistic practice has been in vigorous dialogue with his radical thesis, and he has progressively demonstrated new and dynamic ways of characterising the visual world without perspective and other conventional techniques. This quest results a series of joyous challenges to our ways of seeing in the major exhibition in Cambridge at the Fitzwilliam Museum and in the Heong Gallery (Downing College). It will look at the whole span of Hockney's varied career and at the nature of the optical devices he has tested. His vision will be explored in the setting of traditional masterpieces of naturalistic observation, and in the context of modern sciences and technologies of seeing. The first section of the book looks at his thrilling experiments in seeing and representing in broad historical and contemporary contexts. This is followed by discussions of pre-photographic devices for capturing the appearances of things by optical means. The third section includes essays on Hockney's experiments from the perspectives of neuroscience and computer vision. In short, it reveals in a new way the working of Hockney's unique eye.

The monastery of Port-Royal has been a favorite subject of scholarly research mainly because of its involvement with the founder of Jansenism in France, St-Cyran, and its family connections with Antoine Arnauld who was the theologian of the movement. Less studied, but also significant, was the role played by the reform of port-Royal by Mère Angélique Arnauld, and its continuance by her niece, Soeur Angélique de St-Jean Arnauld d'Andilly, in the Cistercian reforms of the Seventeenth Century. F. Ellen Weaver, who completed her doctorate at Princeton University and is now teaching Church History at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, has traced the evolution of this important reform from its Cistercian beginnings to its emergence as a model of Jansenist ideal and practice, pointing toward its final enduring influence in French Catholicism as a mythic symbol of heroic resistance of a community to oppressive authority in the name of freedom of conscience. She has done a careful textual analysis of the development of the Constitutions de Port-Royal during the period in which the controversies were raging (1948-1684) to illustrate this evolution fromCistercian to Jansenist character of the reform, and to point out continuities which have semetimes been overlooked in the polemic against the Jansenists. This work represents a significant contribution to studies in the religious history of modern France in general, and to monastic and counter-reformation studies in particular. Une étude neuve, unique en son genre, sur la place tenue par Mère Angélique Arnauld à Port-Royal et sur le rôle joué par sa nièce dans les réformes cisterciennes du dix-septième siècle. L'examen approfondi des Constitutions de Port-Royal révèle l'idéal janséniste et fournit une contribution non négligeable aux recherches sue l'histoire religieuse de la France moderne.

In London in 1770 Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799) remarked, 'What a work could be written on Shakespeare, Hogarth and Garrick ! There is something similar in the genius of all three. ' Two-and-a-half centuries on, Robin Simon's highly original and illuminating book takes up the challenge. William Hogarth (1697-1764) and David Garrick (1717-1779) closely associated themselves with Shakespeare, embodying a relationship between plays, painting and performance that had been understood since Antiquity and which shaped the rules for history painting drawn up by the Académie royale in Paris in the seventeenth century. History painting was considered the highest form of art : a picture illustrating a moment drawn from just a few lines in a revered text. Hogarth's David Garrick as Richard III (1745) transformed those ideas because, although it looked like a history painting, it was also a portrait of an actor in performance. With it, Hogarth established the genre of theatrical portraiture, a new and distinctively British kind of history painting. This book offers a fresh examination of theatrical portraits through close analysis of the pictures and of the texts used in performance. It also examines the central role of the theatre in British culture, while highlighting the significance of Shakespeare, Hogarth and Garrick in the European Enlightenment and the rise of Romanticism. In this context another trio of genius features prominently : Lichtenberg, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing and Denis Diderot. Familiar paintings and performances are seen in an entirely new light, while unfamiliar pictures are also introduced, including major paintings and drawings that have never been published. The final chapter shows that the inter-relationship between plays, painting and performance survived into the age of cinema, revealing the pictorial sources of Laurence Olivier's legendary film Richard III.

L'histoire des justices militaires a jusqu'à il y a peu été largement négligée. Institution hybride, elle a longtemps fait l'objet de jugements à l'emporte-pièce, tant chez les militaires que chez les juristes. On a ainsi vu se multiplier critiques acerbes et plaidoyers pro domo autour de cette institution si particulière. Une série de séminaires menés dans le cadre du projet de la Maison des sciences de l'Homme, de 2004 à 2008, avait pour objectif de parcourir, en perspective comparée, les évolutions de la justice militaire depuis le XVIe siècle. Le présent volume reprend une vingtaine de ces contributions, orientées sur le premier XXe siècle, pour comprendre les tensions, les pratiques et les limites de la justice militaire pendant et autour des deux guerres mondiales. Parcourant l'Europe occidentale, il se veut méthodologique et initiateur, éclairant une réalité transnationale à l'aide d'études de cas, inscrites dans le temps et l'espace. Until recently, the history of military justice has been largely neglected. As a hybrid concept, it has for many years been the subject of hasty judgments from both military institutions and lawyers. Members of the military institutions kept repeating harsh criticisms while the lawyers kept justifying themselves.This volume brings together 20 contributions that focus on the early 20th century in Western Europe with the aim of examining the tensions, practices and limitations of military justice during the two World Wars. In doing so, it uses a methodological and original approach, from the perspective of transnational reality and uses case studies from a range of countries at different times. The contributions were all presented during multiple seminars held at the Maison des sciences de l'Homme between 2004 and 2008. Using a comparative perspective, these seminars explored the evolution of the military justice system since the 16th century.

This book examines welfare effects of gender-related inequalities in Korean households and labor markets. It uses subjective well-being data to show that reductions of excessive levels of working hours did improve family well-being in the past decade. Moreover, benefits from major life events like marriage can differ greatly by sex if traditional gender roles dominate and women contribute much less than men to household earnings. Furthermore, the study examines dynamics in rural East Asian economies and their impact on individual welfare outcomes. Both land redistribution and productivity-enhancing reforms are found to have been highly beneficial for Korean development. The Indonesian case study demonstrates the importance of cash-crop decisions and the growing non-farm sector for rural development.

The book focuses on the evolution of the Gothic fiction in America from Charles Brockden Brown to Herman Melville in the context of the aesthetics of the sublime. Starting with a reading of Brown's Gothic romances – Wieland and Edgar Huntly – and concluding with an analysis of Melville's Pierre, the author demonstrates the relevance of the Kantian concept of the sublime for the nineteenth-century American literature of horror. An inspiration to present the development of the American Gothic in the period under scrutiny as a coherent process has been also the psychoanalytic theory of Nicolas Abraham and Maria Torok. Moreover, the study contains an attempt to place R.H. Dana, Sr and W. Allston in the American literary canon.