The philosophy of Andy Warhol
Extraits
Essais biographiques
Andy Warhol
Sa célébrité ? Une décision. Elle lui a permis d'agir toujours comme il l'entendait, dans un scandale à peu près permanent, guetté par les médias qu'il manipulait avec un savoir-faire confondant. Cool. La Factory des années 1960 où se fabriquaient sa peinture, puis ses films, fut à la fois son Hollywood privé, son usine à rêves et un creuset où se mélangeaient les gens du monde et les voyous, les artistes et les prostitués de tous bords. La drogue y circulait librement et le sexe aussi. Là, tout pouvait arriver et arrivait. La révolution des moeurs était d'avant-garde, comme le reste. Warhol a été peintre, sculpteur, photographe, cinéaste, romancier, dramaturge, directeur de magazine, producteur d'un groupe rock, homme de télévision, acteur et enfin mannequin. Il a figuré, avec éclat, au centre de tout ce qui s'est expérimenté de plus inventif et de plus radical au début des années 1960, au temps du pop art et du cinéma underground, mais aussi dans les années 1970 et 1980, quand on commença à se penser "postmoderne" et que "l'appropriation" allait de soi. Il fut génial à la grande époque des Boîtes de soupe Campbell's, des Marilyn et des Chaises électriques, on le sait, mais non moins génial quelques mois avant sa mort quand il peint ses Camouflages. Ce que propose cette biographie, comme écrite en connivence avec Warhol, c'est une vision qui va au nerf de ce que fut cet immense artiste, emblématique du XX ? siècle, de plus en plus revendiqué par les jeunes créateurs d'aujourd'hui comme un modèle. Comme une ouverture.
05/2023
Beaux arts
Andy Warhol
Quand Andrew Warhola (1928-1987) arrive à New York en 1949, il a tout juste vingt et un ans, et s'est déjà fixé un destin : devenir célèbre. Le jeune homme d'origine ruthène va alors fabriquer Andy Warhol, ce personnage médiatique, adulé, controversé, qui veut tout et fait tout. Il est peintre, sculpteur, photographe. Il est acteur, homme de télévision, mannequin. Il est producteur d'un groupe de rock, directeur de magazine. Il est dramaturge, cinéaste, romancier. Il crée un univers, la Factory, où circulent librement drogue, sexe, artistes, voyous. Il dit vouloir être une machine. Il annonce que bientôt tout le monde connaîtra un quart d'heure de célébrité internationale. Il assure n'aimer que les choses ordinaires et refuser l'originalité. C'est un vrai rebelle, génial, inventif, underground et post-moderne. Derrière sa perruque platine et sa désinvolture affichée se cache un créateur exigeant, fragile, dont la vie et l'oeuvre tendent à notre monde moderne un miroir désenchanté et plein d'humour. Plus qu'un modèle, c'est un mythe : un nouveau Prométhée.
10/2009
Beaux arts
Andy Warhol
Sa célébrité ? Une décision. Elle lui a permis d'agir toujours comme il l'entendait, dans un scandale à peu près permanent, guetté par les médius qu'il manipulait avec un savoir-faire confondant. Cool. La Factory des années 1960 où se fabriquaient sa peinture, puis ses films, fut à la fois son Hollywood privé, son usine à rêves et un creuset où se mélangeaient les gens du monde et les voyous, les artistes et les prostitués de tous bords. La drogue y circulait librement et le sexe aussi. Là, tout pouvait arriver et arrivait. La révolution des mœurs était d'avant-garde, comme le reste. Warhol a été peintre, sculpteur, photographe, cinéaste, romancier, dramaturge, directeur de magazine, producteur d'un groupe rock, homme de télévision, acteur et enfin mannequin. Il a figuré, avec éclat, au centre de tout ce qui s'est expérimenté de plus inventif et de plus radical au début des années 1960, au temps du pop art et du cinéma underground, mais aussi dans les années 1970 et 1980, quand on commença à se penser " postmoderne " et que " l'appropriation " allait de soi. Il fut génial à la grande époque des Boîtes de soupe Campbell's, des Marilyn et des Chaises électriques, on le sait, mais non moins génial quelques mois avant sa mort quand il peint ses Camouflages. Qu'on ne s'y trompe pas : sous les bons mots colportés partout et répétés à satiété (" Je voudrais être une machine ", " À l'avenir tout le monde sera célèbre pendant 15 minutes "), sous le masque de faux albinos à la perruque platine et à la veste de cuir noir, immédiatement reconnaissable, sous la désinvolture étudiée, c'est un artiste extraordinairement exigeant qui apparaît ici. Ce que propose cette biographie chaleureuse et amusée, écrite par Michel Nuridsany comme en connivence avec Warhol, c'est une vision qui va au nerf de ce que fut cet immense artiste, emblématique du XXe siècle, de plus en plus revendiqué par les jeunes créateurs d'aujourd'hui comme un modèle. Comme une ouverture.
02/2001
Philosophie
Issues in the Philosophy of Language Past and Present
In the light of contemporary perspectives a good deal of traditional philosophical thought can be read as relating to the issue of 'Language versus Reality'. The chapters of this book vindicate this claim ; bringing together thinkers different both in temperament and interests like Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics, Aquinas, Heidegger and Gadamer they suggest that some of their major tenets reflect conceptual assumptions concerning linguistic meaning and reference. In trying to both identify and elucidate the assumptions at stake the author shows, both historically and systematically, that some of the problems experienced in the past as well as much of our contemporary concern with the same issue form a continuous line and a common endeavour ; and they have not yet come to an end.
11/1999
Art du XXe siècle
Andy Warhol. Pop Art Identities
L'exposition Andy Warhol - Pop Art Identities est consacrée au célèbre artiste américain Andy Warhol et rassemble plus de 130 oeuvres d'art et films originaux. L'exposition vise à relire le parcours artistique de Warhol à partir de deux points précis : son désir de transformer ses faiblesses en forces et son ambition d'être perçu comme un témoin de son "ici et maintenant", y compris à travers ce qui pourrait définir son "identité fluide". Plus de 130 oeuvres parmi les plus représentatives du corpus de l'artiste - nous font comprendre comment les idées de Warhol ont occulté des stratégies créatives précises. Dans certains cas, ils ont été nourris par le hasard et recèlent une sorte d'assomption du destin, une force mystérieuse et impensable qui régit l'existence.
10/2021
Essais biographiques
Andy Warhol. Le renard blanc
Nourri de témoignages inédits, un portrait subtil qui dévoile l'homme derrière le mythe. Comment un fils d'immigrés slovaques ayant grandi à Pittsburgh dans un milieu ouvrier et catholique a-t-il pu révolutionner l'art de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle ? Comment ce grand angoissé à la santé fragile a-t-il su se métamorphoser en un "renard blanc", comme l'a surnommé la comédienne Paulette Goddard : un être fureteur, malin, flairant le sens du vent, comprenant son époque avant tout le monde ? Pour éclairer le mystère Warhol, Jean-Noël Liaut a mené l'enquête pendant plus de trente ans. Il a recueilli les confidences inédites de nombreux proches de l'artiste - les célèbres critiques d'art John Richardson et Stuart Preston, Pierre Sergé, Lee Radziwill ou l'égérie Ultra Violet - pour dresser un portrait tout en nuances, loin des habituelles visions partisanes présentant le pape du pop art comme un génie absolu ou comme un imposteur. En déconstruisant le mythe warholien, en faisant la part de son talent et de son habileté, de ses visions prophétiques et de son sens du marketing, ce récit intime et romanesque révèle un Warhol inattendu, tour à tour touchant et agaçant, génial et opportuniste, charismatique et profondément seul.
03/2021
Esthétique
L'ère d'Andy Warhol
Ce livre est doublement important : il permet de mieux connaître Andy Warhol, mais aussi de réfléchir sur les rapports entre art et soft power. Il offre un véritable travail d'historien de l'art sur Warhol et le pop art et déconstruit les images que la publicité du marché de l'art et du soft power états-unien a produites pour faire vendre et connaître Warhol, mais surtout pour imposer le produit Warhol au détriment des artistes européens. En effet, ce soft power était une manière douce d'imposer la domination américaine sur le monde, et sur l'Europe en particulier, et de développer l'économie et le commerce états-uniens. Le pop art et la marque "Andy Warhol" ont développé la fonction idéologique et donc pratico-sociale de l'art afin que le nouvel empire écrase comme on dit en informatique les vieux pays d'un vieux continent et les transforme en lieux de la vacance, du tourisme muséal et de la dépense financière pour classes moyennes et plus. Ce livre est un livre de contre-histoire.
02/2023
Anglais apprentissage
Tales from Longpuddle
Tony Kytes is a favourite with the girls but he's not terribly clever. If you meet an old girlfriend and she asks fora ride home in your wagon, do you say yes? And then if you meet the girl you are planning to marry, what do you do? Very soon, Tony is in a great muddle, and does not know how to escape from it. These stories are set in an English country village of the nineteenth century, but Hardy's tales of mistakes and muddles and marriages belong in any place, at any time.
07/2010
Anglais apprentissage
LA VIERGE ET LE GITAN : THE VIRGIN AND THE GIPSY
When the vicar's wife went off with a young and penniless man the scandal knew no bounds. Her two little girls were only seven and nine years old respectively. And the vicar was such a good husband. True, his hair was grey. But his moustache was dark, he was handsome, and still full of furtive passion for his unrestrained and beautiful wife. Why did she go ? Why did she burst away with such an éclat of revulsion, like a touch of madness ? Nobody gave any answer. Only the pious said she was a bad woman. While some of the good women kept silent. They knew. The two little girls never knew. Wounded, they decided that it was because their mother found them negligible. The ill wind that blows nobody any good swept away the vicarage family on its blast. Then lo and behold ! the vicar, who was somewhat distinguished as an essayist and a controversialist, and whose case had aroused sympathy among the bookish men, received the living of Papplewick. The Lord had tempered the wind of misfortune with a rectorate in the north country. [...] "Lorsque la femme du pasteur s'enfuit avec un jeune homme sans le sou, le scandale ne connut pas de bornes. Ses deux fillettes n'avaient que sept et neuf ans respectivement. Et le pasteur était un si bon mari. Certes, il avait les cheveux gris, mais sa moustache était restée noire, il était bel homme et brûlait encore d'une passion furtive pour sa belle épouse immodeste. Pourquoi était-elle partie ? Pourquoi s'était-elle arrachée à lui, dans un tel éclat de dégoût, comme un grain de folie ? Personne n'apporta de réponse. Seules, les dévotes dirent que c'était une mauvaise femme. Cependant que certaines femmes de bien gardaient le silence. Elles comprenaient, elles. Les deux fillettes ne comprirent jamais. Blessées, elles jugèrent que c'était parce que leur mère les tenait pour quantité négligeable. Le vent du malheur qui est censé être bon à quelque chose balaya de son souffle les habitants de la cure. Puis, miracle, le pasteur, qui avait une certaine éminence comme essayiste et polémiste, et dont la situation avait su émouvoir certains intellectuels, fut nommé à la paroisse de Papplewick. Le Seigneur avait adouci l'ouragan du malheur par un bénéfice de recteur dans le nord du pays. " [...]
02/1993
Art du XXe siècle
Andy Warhol et Jean-Michel Basquiat
Redécouvrez dans cet ouvrage la vie de deux artistes américains à la renommée internationale, véritables génies de la peinture et figures emblématiques de l'art contemporain, Jean-Michel Basquiat et Andy Warhol. Découvrez également la collaboration artistique qui les unit. Immergez-vous, grâce à ce regard croisé sur les deux artistes iconiques, dans le New-York des années 1980, et plongez au coeur de ses univers artistiques underground.
05/2023
Non classé
Temporal Logic, Omniscience, Human Freedom - Perspectives in Analytic Philosophy
The work shows the usefulness and limitation of modern logic in the study of traditional metaphysical problems. As is the usual case in all criticism of analytic philosophers against traditional philosophy, word usage must be limited to what the human mind can know. The notion of timeless knowledge for example contradicts our normal mode of word usage and cannot serve as adequate in reference to knowledge be it that of man or of God. If timeless knowledge applied to divine mode of knowing then there cannot be human freedom.
09/1991
Musique classique
Songs of Love. 12 Romances. 12 Lieder. Soprano (tenor) and piano.
Leokadiya Kashperova (1872-1940), hitherto consigned to a footnote in musical history as Stravinsky's piano teacher, is undergoing rediscovery. A double graduate of the St Petersburg Conservatoire, she emerged as a virtuoso pianist and composer in the romantic tradition. She was associated with some of the great musicians of her day, including Balakirev and Auer. She performed in both Germany and the UK in the 1900s, but her career petered out after 1920. Songs of Love was first published in 1904. No evidence survives of any public performance in Kashperova's lifetime although it is very likely that they were performed at her regular 'musical evenings at home on Tuesdays' mentioned in her Memoirs. The transparency of the piano writing strongly suggests that she would accompany herself singing. Kashperova, by all accounts, possessed a fine voice, and in the summer of 1906 she decided 'to learn from the artistry', as she put it, of the tenor Raimond von Zur-Mühlen who was widely celebrated for having developed (with Clara Schumann) the Lieder-Abend tradition. His summer-schools on the Baltic coast were frequented by aspiring singers from all over Europe, even Japan and India. Kashperova herself was responsible for the poetic lyrics of Songs of Love (in both Russian and German), which may well have emerged from her own bittersweet experience of life and love ; she was not to marry until 1916 at the age of forty-four. That Kashperova is the author of both the music and the lyrics of Songs of Love would suggest that they express very personal sentiments. Instrumentation : soprano (tenor) and piano
12/2023
Monographies
Hilma af Klint. The Five Notebook 1
In 1896, Hilma af Klint and four other like-minded women artists left the Edelweiss Society and founded the "Friday Group", also known as "The Five". They met every Friday for spiritual meetings, including prayers, studies of the New Testament, meditation and séances. The medium exercised automatic writing and mediumistic drawing. Eventually they established contact with spiritual beings whom they called "The High Ones". In 1896, the five women began taking meticulous notes of the mediumistic messages conveyed by the spirits. In time, Hilma af Klint felt she had been selected for more important messages. After ten years of esoteric training with "The Five", aged 43, Hilma af Klint accepted a major assignment, the execution of The Paintings for the Temple. This commission, which engaged the artist from 1906 to 1915, changed the course of her life. In 1908, Rudolf Steiner, leader of the German Theosophical Society, held several lectures in Stockholm. He also visited af Klint's studio and saw some of the early Paintings for the Temple. In 1913, Steiner founded the Anthroposophical Society, which af Klint joined in 1920 and remained a member for the rest of her life.
01/2022
Archéologie
Fantastic Beasts in Antiquity. Looking for the monster, discovering the Human, Textes en français et anglais
Not satisfied with what nature offered, human beings wanted to go beyond reality and invented mysterious and intriguing creatures populating their world. During Antiquity, every culture had its own strange creatures, that mixed the forms of one or more animal, plant and human species in an infinite number of more-or-less fanciful combinations. Griffins, sphinxes, mermaids, centaurs, satyrs, pygmies, werewolves, winged monsters and unspeakable hybrids, fantastic beasts abound in the imagination of many populations throughout Antiquity. Most of them continue to live, sometimes transformed, through fairy tales, literature, movies and videogames. Faced with the abundance and variety of the ancient fantastic bestiary, the questions that come to mind are : Where do fantastic beasts come from ? How do they appear in different cultures ? What is their history, how did they survive until now ? And above all, what are fantastic beasts ? This book will explore these questions through the lens of archaeology, art history, philology and philosophy. The result is a hybrid book, precisely like the fantastic animals that constitute its object, a book which offers different approaches of analysis while being aware that our means are often vain to capture these elusive figures, which ultimately are more like us than they seem. Man, like Oedipus, will often prove to be more monstrous than the Sphinx...
02/2021
Ecrits sur l'art
Ma philosophie de A à B et vice versa
Dans cet ouvrage devenu "culte", Warhol concocte un pot-pourri irrévérencieux et drôle de ses points de vue sur l'art et la société. Avec un mélange de sérieux et de dérision, il procède à la remise en question des valeurs sacrées de la civilisation américaine et développe des théories originales sur des sujets que l'on n'avait pas l'habitude d'explorer au moment où est paru le livre. Sous une apparente frivolité, il dévoile les idées fondatrices de sa pratique artistique, par exemple sa conception toute personnelle de la beauté. L'ouvrage se construit sous forme de dialogues imaginaires entre A et B, abordant à bâtons rompus, et sur un mode provocateur, les thèmes en apparence les plus disparates.
09/2021
Beaux arts
Entretiens 1962-1987
" Maître des évidences, stratège des apparences, Andy Warhol a beaucoup insisté pour faire croire qu'il n'y avait rien derrière ses images. Et que lui-même n'avait pas grand-chose à dire. Deux ou trois citations partout répétées ont fixé le portrait d'un artiste amusant et superficiel, excentrique et mondain : sous les surfaces lisses de ses tableaux, sous son masque impassible, inutile de chercher autre chose qu'un aimable vide. Les entretiens réunis ici offrent un merveilleux démenti aux clichés qui escamotent le génie de l'artiste et la portée singulière de son œuvre. Provoquant, manipulateur, à la fois indifférent et passionné, contradictoire et lumineux, le dandy Warhol s'y révèle d'une intelligence déconcertante. Qu'il parle de peinture, de cinéma, de mode, de sexe, des stars mondiales ou de l'ordinaire de la vie américaine, il ne perd jamais de vue les exigences de son art. capable de tout montrer et de tout dissimuler dans ses images comme dans ses propos les plus simples, il s'est fait le miroir exact d'une époque futile et grave, hantée par la beauté et la mort. La sûreté " de son diagnostic montre que Warhol est bien le philosophe dont il avait ironiquement pris la pose. Ce recueil d'entretiens, presque tous inédits en français, n'est pas un simple livre de plus sur Warhol : il constitue la source essentielle pour la compréhension du dernier artiste mythique du XXe siècle. " Alain Cueff.
03/2006
Histoire internationale
On the Border - The Otherness of God and the Multiplicity of the Religions
The Christian theology of religions at present faces a crisis. What precisely is the task of the theology of religions ? Does it merely consist in interpreting the non-Christian religions as steps, phases or contributions in the light of Christianity ? Has one from the theological side conceded the maximum to the non-Christian religions by acknowledging them as anonymous Christianity (Karl Rahner)? This study is an exploration on how one shall liberate the religion of the other from anonymity : how one shall leave the other with his/her own name. The model of thought employed in this study is gained through an analysis of the intercultural process of understanding, explained with instances from Africa and South America.
01/1994
Sciences politiques
The Structure of Political Communication in the United Kingdom, the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany
Political Communication in The United Kingdom, the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany differs in terms of what the peoples expect to take issue with, how they are prepared to talk about them, which choices they can make to solve problems and, finally, whom or which organizations they delegate to resolve them. This comparative media study of The Economist, Time and Der Spiegel attempts to extract the differences in politics of the three societies.
11/1987
Histoire et Philosophiesophie
The Undergrowth of Science. Delusion, self-deception and human frailty
Walter Gratzer's themes in the stories he relates in The Undergrowth of Science are collective delusion and human folly. Science is generally seen as a process bound by rigorous rules, which its practitioners must not transgress. Deliberate fraud occasionally intrudes, but it is soon detected, the perpetrators cast out and the course of discovery barely disturbed. Far more interesting are the outbreaks of self-delusion that from time to time afflict upright and competent researchers, and then spread like an epidemic or mass-hysteria through a sober and respectable scientific community. When this happens the rules by which scientists normally govern their working lives are suddenly suspended. Sometimes these episodes are provoked by personal vanity, an unwillingness to acknowledge error or even contemplate the possibility that a hard-won success is a will o' the wisp; at other times they stem from loyalty to a respected and trusted guru, or even from patriotic pride; and, worst of ail, they may be a consequence of a political ideology which imposes its own interpretation on scientists' observations of the natural world. Unreason and credulity supervene, illusory phenomena are described and measured, and theories are developed to explain them - until suddenly, often for no single reason, the bubble bursts, leaving behind it a residue of acrimony, recrimination, embarrassment and ruined reputations.
Here, then, are radiations, measured with high precision yet existing only in the minds of those who observed them; the Russian water, which some thought might congeal the oceans: phantom diseases which called for heroic surgery; monkey testis implants that restored the sexual powers of ageing roués and of tired sheep; truths about genetics and about the nature of matter, perceptible only to Aryan scientists in the Third Reich or Marxist ideologues in the Soviet Union; and much more. The Undergrowth of Science explores, in terms accessible to the lay reader, the history of such episodes, up to our own time, in ail their absurdity, tragedy and pathos.
01/2000
Religion
The Threat of Logical Mathematism
The present survey of the critique of mathematical logic in Germany at the turn of the 20th century attempts to answer several interesting questions : How did the contemporary German philosophers see the role and significance of logic ? What kind of relationships did they claim to exist between logic, mathematics, linguistics and psychology ? Pulkkinen starts by giving a historical survey of the development of German logic 1830-1920 as it appears against the background of German academic philosophy. Next he studies the interrelationships between logic and psychology, logic and linguistics, and logic and mathematics. After this the author presents the general features of the reception of mathematical logic in Germany between 1880 and 1920. This is followed by a more detailed account of the arguments of three individual critics : Fritz Mauthner, Heinrich Rickert, and Theodor Ziehen.
07/1994
Non classé
German-Irish Corporate Relationships
The book addresses the question of whether, in an age of internationalisation and globalisation, cultural differences are still relevant to German-Irish corporate relationships ? The first three chapters establish the theoretical framework for the analysis by exploring the notion of culture, profiling the business cultures of both countries, and examining existing approaches to the study of parent company-foreign subsidiary relationships. In the following three chapters, using interviews carried out with two sample groups (fifteen German parent companies and fourteen of their Irish operations ; seven Irish parent companies and nine of their German operations), the parent companies in both groups are examined to see whether they demonstrate characteristics which are in keeping with their national business cultures. Their foreign operations are then analysed as is the parent company-foreign subsidiary relationship to determine whether any parent company influences are visible. The general approaches adopted by the two groups of parent companies to their foreign operations are compared and contrasted. Finally differences in national attitudes and values are identified and their impact assessed.
02/2004
Histoire et Philosophiesophie
Thinking about Physics
Physical scientists are problem solvers. They are comfortable "doing" science: they find problems, solve them, and explain their solutions. Roger Newton believes that his fellow physicists might be too comfortable with their roles as solvers of problems. He argues that physicists should spend more time thinking about physics. If they did, he believes, they would become even more skilled at solving problems and "doing" science. As Newton points out in this thought-provoking book, problem solving is always influenced by the theoretical assumptions of the problem solver. Too often, though, he believes, physicists haven't subjected their assumptions to thorough scrutiny. Newton's goal is to provide a framework within which the fundamental theories of modem physics can be explored, interpreted, and understood.
"Surely physics is more than a collection of experimental results, assembled to satisfy the curiosity of appreciative experts," Newton writes. Physics, according to Newton, has moved beyond the describing and naming of curious phenomena, which is the goal of some other branches of science. Physicists have spent a great part of the twentieth century searching for explanations of experimental findings. Newton agrees that experimental facts are vital to the study of physics, but only because they lead to the development of a theory that can explain them. Facts, he argues, should undergird theory.
Newton's explanatory sweep is both broad and deep. He covers such topics as quantum mechanics, classical mechanics, field theory, thermodynamics, the role of mathematics in physics, and the concepts of probability and causality. For Newton the fundamental entity in quantum theory is the field, from which physicists can explain the particle-like and wave-like properties that are observed in experiments. He grounds his explanations in the quantum field.
Although this is not designed as a standalone textbook, it is essential reading for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, professors, and researchers. This is a clear, concise, up-to-date book about the concepts and theories that underlie the study of contemporary physics. Readers will find that they will become better-informed physicists and, therefore, better thinkers and problem solvers, too.
01/2000
Non classé
The Concept of Man in Igbo Myths
In the vast silence of their isolation, the traditional Igbos have learnt the ways of living in harmony with nature. From their origin in distant time, they have kept a sacred perspective on the natural world. In our age, there is the need for traditional wisdoms to retain their validity and be intrinsic to our philosophic and scientific perceptions of the cosmos. We cannot do without their knowledge, their spiritual perspective, and their deep faith in the harmony of all nature. Ignoring these qualities has profound environmental implications. Global warming, environmental pollution, and the exhaustion of nature's resources are but a few of the symptoms of the nature's experiences as we continue to mistreat it in order to satisfy our own ends. This work helps us to realise that wherever we are, we are a part of nature. All the things around us are as presences, representing forces and powers of life that are not ours and yet are all part of us. Then we find them reflecting in ourselves, because we are nature, though not identical with it.
11/1999
Histoire et Philosophiesophie
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY IN CONTEMPORARY JAPAN
More than ever before Japan is committed to becoming a science and technology-oriented nation. With the challenge of the Asian economic crisis in the late 1 990s, there is pressure on the Japanese economy to change. Japan continues to turn to science and technology to safeguard its future, but there is more than one path to follow. A team of three leading scholars in the field explore the dynamic relationship between science, technology and Japanese society, examining how it has contributed to economic growth and the well-being of the Japanese people. They ask if there is anything distinctively Japanese about Japanese science, in terms of both its development and application.
This book presents a synthesis of recent debates by juxtaposing competing views about the role and direction of science, technology and medical care in Japan. Much of the book looks at government policy, the role of the private sector, and the response of concerned citizens. Other topics discussed include computers and communication, quality control and the automobile industry, the aerospace industry, the environment, consumer electronics, changes in medical care, and the role of gender.
Part I explores the features of the Japanese model of research and development. It differentiates between basic and applied research and considers the question of cooperation versus competition in national R&D projects. Part 2 focuses on the relevance of science and technology to economic growth, and Part 3 examines the impact of globalisation on the flow of science and technology in and out of Japan. Part 4 critiques the concept of 'national interest', arguing that supposed national goals are often determined by powerful institutional or corporate groups with particular vested interests.
This book is an ideal introductory text for students in the sociology of science and technology, the history and philosophy of science, and Japanese studies. Up-to-date research and contemporary case studies make this an invaluable resource for readers interested in the nature of science and technology in the twenty-first century.
01/1999
Tourisme étranger
Moroccan tracks Volume 11. The sagho djebel
The Sagho djebel is the eastern extension of the Anti-Atlas, a volcanic mountain with granitic mamelons, basaltic organs, chaos of black shales, pink sandstones... at the gates of the Sahara. As far as the eye can see, large wild, arid spaces. A desolate land made for the lonely DPM. And for a thousand miles around, silence is the only companion. Absolute plenitude and the desire to take to the track. From flat expanses to rolling hills, from sharp relief to steep canyons : pure, original nature. The character is strong, rustic but the heart is soft. The colours are soft and gentle. Ochre, pink, brown, violet, the colour chart stretches in a gradation of shimmering pastels, sometimes accompanied by an overwhelming heat. Eldorado in the heart of the desert, rare are the oases ; modest green spots in the infinitely large, they are the reminders that we are on African soil. The wild charm of the Sagho is due to its exceptional geology : high cliffs and steep peaks, tabular escarpments and deep canyons in the middle of which caravans of camels and mules circulate. When you arrive on these immense plateaus, the lunar horizon is so vast that you want to go everywhere at once to see if it is really as beautiful elsewhere ! The Sagho also surprises by the richness of its lights : limpid like those of the nearby Sahara, or sometimes in half-tone, as in the neighbouring Dades valley. The Sagho is also the Morocco of the last Berber nomads, descendants of the ancient lords Aït Atta. In autumn, after leaving the snows of the High Atlas, they set up their dark wool tents on the slopes of the jebel until spring. They can neither read nor write, but they are sure of their way through the Atlas Mountains and the Moroccan desert. In the Sagho, they have built houses of unbaked stone, dug wells, planted almond trees, grown wheat, barley and various vegetables. Others built herds of goats and sheep, and caravans of camels. Most of them are now sedentary, semi-nomadic or nomadic...
08/2022
Histoire internationale
Accomplices
This volume asserts that there was tacit cooperation in the Nazi extermination of the Jewish population of Europe by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and American President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Second World War. Although the Allies publicly recognized the Nazi massacre of the Jews in the London Declaration of December 17, 1942, the policies they pursued allowed the genocide to continue. They did so, the author claims, in three ways : (1) refusal to publicly and personally speak about and against the Nazi extermination of the Jews ; (2) refusal to commit even one soldier, one plane, or one warship to any forcible opposition to the "Final Solution" throughout the Second World War ; and (3) obstruction of Jewish escape from Hitler's Europe. This book explores the motivation for the policies Churchill and Roosevelt pursued.
06/2011
Critique littéraire
The failed infanticide
Simply go through the pages of this piece of work and discover in all sincerity the story of a life, full of philosophy. It all started from the denial of a pregnancy in 1974 and the desire to share the course of my life. I confide in you today a piece of my story. I am sharing with you what I have lived so as to show you that a birth near death is not a fatality, if you walk with a determined step by converting your suffering into strength and courage, in order to be able to live and expand yourself.
05/2014
Non classé
Experimental Social Dilemmas
Most of the papers on social dilemmas were presented at a conference on social dilemmas that was held at the University of Groningen in the spring of 1984. Social dilemmas are interpersonal situations that are characterized by a conflict between private and collective interest, i.e. in attempting to further their private interests, participants may end up worser off than if they had abandonned self-interest and worked for the good of the community. The chapters in this book describe efforts made by social psychologists, sociologists, and political scientists to advance our understanding of the psychological processes that influence people's behavior in social dilemmas. It is assumed that understanding of these processes can help our search for solutions.
12/1986
Histoire et Philosophiesophie
Concepts of Mass in Contemporary Physics and Philosophy
The concept of mass is one of the most fundamental notions in physics, comparable in importance only to those of space and time. But in contrast to the latter, which are the subject of innumerable physical and philosophical studies, the concept of mass has been but rarely investigated. Here Max Jammer, a leading philosopher and historian of physics, provides a concise but comprehensive, coherent, and self-contained study of the concept of mass as it is defined, interpreted, and applied in contemporary physics and as it is critically examined in the modern philosophy of science. With its focus on theories proposed after the mid-1950s, the book is the first of its kind, covering the most recent experimental and theoretical investigations into the nature of mass and its role in modern physics, from the realm of elementary particles to the cosmology of galaxies.
The book begins with an analysis of the persistent difficulties of defining inertial mass in a noncircular manner and discusses the related question of whether mass is an observational or a theoretical concept. It then studies the notion of mass in special relativity and the delicate problem of whether the relativistic rest mass is the only legitimate notion of mass and whether it is identical with the classical (Newtonian) mass. This is followed by a critical analysis of the different derivations of the famous mass-energy relationship E = mc2 and its conflicting interpretations. Jammer then devotes a chapter to the distinction between inertial and gravitational mass and to the various versions of the so-called equivalence principle with which Newton initiated his Principia but which also became the starting point of Einstein's general relativity, which supersedes Newtonian physics. The book concludes with a presentation of recently proposed global and local dynamical theories of the origin and nature of mass.
Destined to become a much-consulted reference for philosophers and physicists, this book is also written for the nonprofessional general reader interested in the foundations of physics.
01/2000
Histoire et Philosophiesophie
Charles Darwin's Zoology Notes & Specimen Lists from H.M.S. Beagle
Two long sets of scientific notes were made by Charles Darwin during the voyage of the Beagle. Those transcribed here are concerned with natural history, and although in 1839 he drew on them quite extensively in writing his famous " Journal of Researches ", neither they nor his geology notes have previously been published. He was a superb observer, and recorded vividly and accurately his first impressions of the appearance and behaviour of the wide range of animals, from ants to ostriches, encountered during his travels. Often he performed little experiments on the creatures that he captured, and he was never happy until he had exhaustively explored the why and wherefore of every one of his observations. During the long periods on board ship, he carried out a thorough analysis of hitherto unrecognised features of the internal anatomy of a variety of marine invertebrates, and made elegant pencil drawings of them under his dissecting microscope. The volume also includes his lists of 1 500 specimens preserved in Spirits of Wine, and some 3 500 not in Spirits, with impeccably accurate cross references to the main notes. Although his notes were made strictly for his own use, and were often highly technical, they were well written throughout, and contain many highly readable passages. Only towards the very end of the voyage were his first doubts about the immutability of species consciously pressed, but here are to be found the first seeds of his theory of evolution, and of the important new fields of behavioural and ecological study of which he was one of the principal founders.
01/2000
